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Epidemiology Hypothesis Testing & P-values
Author:
Dr.Janet ForresterProfessor
Tufts University School of Medicine
USA
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1.1 An introduction to the human body Read Online
1.2 The chemical level of organization Read Online
After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
Though you may approach a course in anatomy and physiology strictly as a requirement for your field of study, the knowledge you gain in this course will serve you well in many aspects of your life. An understanding of anatomy and physiology is not only fundamental to any career in the health professions, but it can also benefit your own health. Familiarity with the human body can help you make healthful choices and prompt you to take appropriate action when signs of illness arise. Your knowledge in this field will help you understand news about nutrition, medications, medical devices, and procedures and help you understand genetic or infectious diseases. At some point, everyone will have a problem with some aspect of his or her body and your knowledge can help you to be a better parent, spouse, partner, friend, colleague, or caregiver.
This chapter begins with an overview of anatomy and physiology and a preview of the body regions and functions. It then covers the characteristics of life and how the body works to maintain stable conditions. It introduces a set of standard terms for body structures and for planes and positions in the body that will serve as a foundation for more comprehensive information covered later in the text. It ends with examples of medical imaging used to see inside the living body.
Lect 13: Epidemiology & Biostatistics Hypothesis Testing and P-values
We will teach you how to read and critique medical journal articles using examples from some of the most widely-read medical journals. To critique the medical literature you will need to understand the fundamentals of epidemiologic study design, the sources of bias, and the role of chance. Every discipline has its own jargon. we will cover the terminology used in clinical research, including the basic statistical jargon. The most important concepts are in the lectures and small groups provide you with an opportunity to apply what you have learned from the lecture material to actual medical journal articles.
As future physicians you have an obligation to remain current in your field of practice and to treat patients according to generally accepted standards of care.
Question: If the p?-value < alpha, we reject the null hypothesis and infer that there is a statistical difference or association between the two groups.
Choices:
True
False
Question: In this study, the researchers found that, on average, those on the all?-beet diet lost an average of 4.5 pounds with a standard deviation of 4.0 pounds, compared to those on the traditional diet, who lost an average of 4.6 pounds, with a standard deviation of 4.9 pounds. If the statistical test comparing weight lost between the two groups had a statistically significant result, what would you conclude about the study?
Choices:
The study had inadequate power.
The study had an inadequate sample size.
The study has a type?-I error rate <0.05.
The p?-value is <0.05.
The results may be clinically significant, but not statistically significant.
Question: Confidence intervals depend upon the standard deviation, the sample size, and the confidence level, which is based on alpha.
Choices:
True
False
Question: A chi square test can only be used for 2x2 tables of frequencies or counts.
Choices:
True
False
Question: The t?-test can be used to test for differences among three groups.
Choices:
True
False
Question: Type II error occurs when we do not reject the null hypothesis, when, in fact, we should.
Choices:
True
False